What Is Larynx Cancer?
Larynx cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the larynx, also known as the voice box. The larynx plays a critical role in speaking, breathing, and protecting the airway.
The larynx has three main regions where cancer may occur:
- Supraglottis (above the vocal cords)
- Glottis (includes the vocal cords)
- Subglottis (below the vocal cords)
Larynx cancer may also be referred to as throat cancer, voice box cancer, or by its specific subsite.
Types of Larynx Cancer
Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), arising from the lining of the larynx. Less common types include:
- Salivary gland tumors
- Lymphoma
- Mucosal melanoma
- Soft tissue sarcomas
- Nerve tumors
Accurate diagnosis is essential, as treatment varies by cancer type.
Causes and Risk Factors
Risk factors for larynx cancer include:
- Tobacco use
- Heavy alcohol use
- Prior radiation exposure
- Asbestos exposure
- HPV-related papillomatous disease
- Iron deficiency conditions, such as Plummer–Vinson syndrome
Signs and Symptoms of Larynx Cancer
Symptoms may include:
- Persistent hoarseness or voice changes
- A lump or swelling in the neck
- Throat pain or pain with swallowing
- Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of food sticking
- Breathing difficulty or noisy breathing
- Unexplained throat bleeding
Symptoms lasting more than three weeks should be evaluated by a head and neck specialist.
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How Larynx Cancer Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a comprehensive evaluation and may include:
- Biopsy of the primary tumor
- Lymph node biopsy when neck masses are present
- Imaging studies such as CT, MRI, PET scans, or ultrasound
- Blood work and swallow studies when clinically indicated
Larynx Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment is personalized based on cancer stage, location, and patient-specific factors and is coordinated through a multidisciplinary care team.
Surgical Treatment
Dr. Mourad offers advanced surgical care, including:
- Transoral laser or endoscopic surgery for select tumors
- Partial (conservation) laryngeal surgery to preserve voice
- Total laryngectomy for advanced disease
Radiation Therapy
Radiation may be used:
- As primary treatment
- After surgery to reduce recurrence risk
- In combination with chemotherapy for advanced disease
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is used alongside surgery or radiation in advanced cases or when high-risk features are present.
Neck Management
Treatment may include:
- Surgical or radiation treatment of the involved lymph nodes
- Preventive treatment of the neck when microscopic disease is suspected
What Happens If Larynx Cancer Is Left Untreated?
Untreated larynx cancer can lead to:
- Progressive difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Permanent voice loss
- Severe nutritional complications
- Life-threatening airway obstruction
Why Choose Dr. Moustafa W. Mourad?
Dr. Mourad is a board-certified Head and Neck Surgeon with advanced expertise in larynx cancer surgery and reconstruction.
- Author of multiple medical textbooks
- Over 40 peer-reviewed publications
- National and international speaker
- Known for compassionate, patient-centered care
He is affiliated with leading New York City hospitals and focuses on preserving function and quality of life whenever possible.
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If you are experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with larynx cancer, expert evaluation is essential.
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