Conditions We Treat
Conditions We Treat
Find detailed information about the wide range of symptoms and complex conditions managed by our specialized medical team.
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Featured Conditions
Bell's Palsy
Bell's palsy is sudden, usually one-sided facial weakness caused by inflammation of the facial nerve, often with incomplete eye closure and a drooping mouth that frequently improves over weeks to months.
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Head and Neck
Head and Neck Cancer
Site-specific cancer pages explain symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment pathways, and the surgical pages explain how operations are planned.
Condition
Head and Neck Cancer
A head and neck cancer diagnosis raises two questions at once: how to control the disease, and how treatment may affect speech, swallowing, breathing, and appearance. Care is organized to address both, from accurate diagnosis through surgical planning, reconstruction, and rehabilitation.
Condition
Throat Cancer
Throat cancer is not one diagnosis. Cancers of the tonsil, tongue base, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx behave differently and may require very different treatment, so the first job is to identify the precise site and confirm it with endoscopy, imaging, and pathology.
Condition
Larynx Cancer
Larynx cancer treatment is not only about controlling a tumor; it is also about the safest realistic plan for voice, swallowing, and breathing. Options can range from endoscopic surgery or radiation to partial surgery, total laryngectomy, or combined treatment, and the right plan depends on where the cancer is and how the larynx works.
Condition
Oral Cancer
Oral cavity cancer can affect the tongue, floor of mouth, gums, inner cheek, hard palate, or lips. Even a small lesion can have major implications for speech, chewing, swallowing, dental health, and reconstruction, so a precise map of the tumor and neck lymph nodes guides the plan.
Condition
HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer
HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer most often begins in the tonsil or base of tongue and may first appear as a painless neck lump. Accurate site identification, p16 interpretation, smoking history, staging, and treatment comparison are central to a good plan.
Condition
Tonsil Cancer
Tonsil cancer may cause throat pain, one-sided ear pain, asymmetry, swallowing symptoms, or a neck mass, and HPV-related disease can be subtle at the primary site. The key is to define the primary tumor and neck disease before comparing treatment.
Condition
Base-of-Tongue Cancer
Base-of-tongue cancer begins deep in the oropharynx, where small tumors can be difficult to see and may first present as a neck mass. Treatment planning must balance access, margins, neck disease, swallowing mechanics, and the chance of combined therapy.
Condition
Unknown Primary Head and Neck Cancer
When cancer is found in a neck lymph node but the original tumor is not visible, the workup should be systematic and time-sensitive. Finding the primary can narrow treatment fields, clarify staging, and reduce unnecessary exposure of healthy tissue.
Head and Neck
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Evaluation and surgery for thyroid nodules, goiter, thyroid cancer, and overactive parathyroid glands, with imaging and biopsy when appropriate.
Condition
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer care has become more individualized. The right plan may range from active surveillance in selected low-risk cases to lobectomy, total thyroidectomy, lymph-node surgery, or radioactive iodine, and the decision weighs voice, calcium, hormone treatment, and future monitoring.
Condition
Thyroid Nodules
Most thyroid nodules are benign, and many never need a biopsy or an operation. Evaluation uses thyroid function, ultrasound pattern, size, symptoms, and growth, with fine needle aspiration only when indicated, to avoid both missed risk and unnecessary treatment.
Condition
Goiter
A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland. It may be diffuse or nodular, hormonally normal or overactive, and visible in the neck or extending behind the breastbone. Treatment depends on what the gland is doing, not its size alone.
Condition
Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed with blood and related testing, not with a scan. Imaging is used later to plan an operation once the biochemical diagnosis and the reasons for surgery are established.
Condition
Parathyroid Disease
Parathyroid disease is broader than a single adenoma. Primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, along with uncommon parathyroid tumors, have different causes, laboratory patterns, imaging roles, and treatment pathways.
Head and Neck
Salivary and Parotid
Diagnosis and surgery for salivary gland lumps, parotid tumors, and related conditions, with attention to facial nerve function.
Condition
Salivary Gland Disease
Salivary gland swelling can come from a stone, duct narrowing, infection, autoimmune inflammation, medication-related dryness, or a tumor. The timing, especially swelling with meals, often provides the first clue, and evaluation matches treatment to the cause.
Condition
Salivary Gland Cancer
Salivary gland cancer includes many rare tumor types with very different behavior. The diagnosis should name the gland, histology, grade, nerve involvement, local extent, and lymph-node risk before treatment is finalized.
Condition
Parotid Tumor
Most parotid tumors are benign, but a persistent mass near the ear still needs a diagnosis. The questions that guide care are what the tumor is, where it sits relative to the facial nerve, whether it is growing, and whether observation or surgery is the better choice.
Head and Neck
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Common presenting symptoms that lead patients to a head and neck evaluation, with guidance on how each is assessed.
Condition
Neck Mass
An adult neck mass without a clear infectious cause should be treated as potentially serious until a diagnosis is established. A lump present for two weeks or longer, or of uncertain duration, meets a guideline threshold for prompt evaluation.
Condition
Congenital Neck Mass
Congenital neck lesions may be noticed in childhood or appear later after infection or growth. In an adult, a cystic neck mass should not be labeled congenital until malignancy has been appropriately excluded.
Condition
Difficulty Swallowing
Difficulty swallowing is a symptom, not a diagnosis. The first distinction is whether the problem begins in the mouth and throat, with coughing, choking, or trouble starting a swallow, or lower in the esophagus, where food feels stuck after the swallow begins.
Condition
Hoarseness and Voice Changes
Most short-lived hoarseness is benign, but a voice change that does not improve within about four weeks should be examined with laryngoscopy, and sooner when breathing difficulty, a neck mass, a tobacco history, or recent neck surgery is present.
Rhinology and Skull Base
Sinus and Inflammatory Disease
Sinus disease, polyps, inflammation, and the medical and surgical care that addresses them.
Condition
Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is more than long-lasting pressure or congestion, and a focused evaluation pairs symptoms with objective evidence of inflammation before comparing treatment options.
Condition
Acute Sinusitis
Most short-lived sinus symptoms begin with a viral illness and improve without antibiotics, and evaluation focuses on recognizing the patterns that suggest bacterial infection or a complication.
Condition
Recurrent Acute Sinusitis
Repeated sinus infections are not automatically recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, and evaluation focuses on whether episodes are distinct, clear in between, and explained by a treatable cause.
Condition
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps can block airflow, impair smell, and recur because they are part of an inflammatory disease, not simply growths to remove.
Condition
Fungal Sinusitis
"Fungal sinusitis" includes very different diseases, and a noninvasive fungal ball, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and invasive fungal infection do not share the same urgency, testing, or treatment.
Condition
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is an intense inflammatory response associated with thick allergic mucin, polyps, and characteristic imaging—not an invasive fungal infection.
Condition
Odontogenic Sinusitis
One-sided maxillary sinus disease, foul drainage, or symptoms following dental work may originate from a tooth, implant, extraction site, or oral–sinus communication, and care depends on confirming both the sinus disease and the dental source.
Condition
Frontal Sinus Disease
The frontal sinus drains through a narrow, highly variable pathway close to the orbit and skull base, so persistent disease often needs a plan tailored to the anatomy.
Condition
Sphenoid Sinus Disease
Sphenoid sinus symptoms can be vague, yet the sinus lies beside the optic nerves, carotid arteries, pituitary region, and cranial nerves, so findings there deserve careful evaluation.
Condition
Sinus Mucocele
A sinus mucocele is an expanding, mucus-filled cavity caused by blocked drainage, and its urgency depends on location, growth, and pressure on the orbit or skull base.
Condition
Unilateral Sinus Disease
Disease limited to one side of the nose or sinuses deserves a deliberate differential diagnosis, because causes range from dental infection and fungal disease to benign tumors and cancer.
Condition
Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
AERD links chronic sinus inflammation and nasal polyps with asthma and respiratory reactions to aspirin and other COX-1 inhibitors, so care is planned across the sinuses and lower airway together.
Condition
Biologic Therapy for Nasal Polyps
Biologics can reduce inflammation and polyp burden for selected patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, alongside medical therapy and surgery.
Rhinology and Skull Base
Nasal Breathing, Rhinitis, and Smell
Nasal airflow, drainage, sensation, and the nerve-driven causes of congestion and postnasal symptoms.
Condition
Chronic Rhinitis
A constantly runny, congested, or reactive nose is not one diagnosis, and evaluation separates allergic and nonallergic patterns, medication effects, structural obstruction, and chronic sinus disease before choosing treatment.
Condition
Loss of Smell
Smell loss can result from blocked odor access, injury to the olfactory system, infection, trauma, medication, aging, or neurologic disease, and evaluation establishes the timeline and identifies treatable causes.
Condition
Epistaxis and Nosebleeds
Most nosebleeds stop with correct pressure, but recurrent, heavy, or one-sided bleeding can reflect dryness, medication effects, blood-pressure or clotting issues, trauma, vascular lesions, or tumors and deserves evaluation.
Condition
Empty Nose Syndrome
Empty nose syndrome is a paradoxical sense of obstruction and dryness despite an open nasal airway that may occur after turbinate surgery, requiring careful, uncertainty-aware care.
Condition
Sinus Headache Versus Migraine
Facial pressure and congestion can occur during migraine, so many headaches labeled as sinus headaches are actually migraine, and careful evaluation prevents unnecessary antibiotics or surgery.
Rhinology and Skull Base
Skull Base, Pituitary, and CSF Leak
Endoscopic care at the boundary of the nose, sinuses, and brain, with neurosurgery collaboration when appropriate.
Condition
CSF Leak
A true cranial cerebrospinal-fluid leak creates a pathway between the space around the brain and the nose, so evaluation confirms whether one-sided clear drainage is CSF and locates the defect.
Condition
Pituitary Adenoma
Pituitary adenomas are not managed by size alone; hormone production, pituitary function, vision, growth, MRI anatomy, medication response, and patient goals determine the right path.
Condition
Skull Base Tumors
"Skull base tumor" describes a location, not a single disease; diagnosis, growth pattern, cranial-nerve effects, and the relationship to the brain, arteries, orbit, and pituitary determine the safest treatment path.
Condition
Skull Base Fracture
A suspected skull-base fracture is a trauma emergency, not an elective office diagnosis; after emergency care, specialist follow-up addresses CSF leak, smell loss, cranial-nerve injury, and reconstruction.
Condition
Skull Base Osteomyelitis
Skull base osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone at the base of the skull that usually requires hospital-based, multidisciplinary care.
Condition
Meningocele and Encephalocele
A meningocele or encephalocele is a herniation of the brain's lining, or brain tissue, through a skull-base defect that may be linked to a cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Condition
Craniopharyngioma
A craniopharyngioma is a benign but locally challenging tumor near the pituitary gland that can affect vision, hormones, and other functions.
Condition
Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma
Chordoma and chondrosarcoma are rare bone and cartilage tumors of the skull base that often need combined surgery, radiation, and long-term surveillance.
Condition
Skull Base Meningioma
A skull base meningioma is a usually benign tumor of the brain's covering whose symptoms and treatment depend heavily on its location.
Rhinology and Skull Base
Tumors, Orbit, and Lacrimal
Sinonasal tumors and conditions near the eye and tear-drainage system, managed with coordinated specialty care.
Condition
Inverted Papilloma and Sinonasal Tumors
A one-sided nasal or sinus mass should not be assumed to be an ordinary inflammatory polyp; inverted papilloma is usually benign but can recur and may coexist with malignancy.
Condition
Nasal and Sinus Cancer
Nasal cavity and sinus cancers are uncommon and biologically diverse, so planning should begin with expert pathology and imaging review before accounting for subsite, spread, resectability, and the functions treatment may affect.
Condition
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare, highly vascular tumor that most often affects adolescent males and can cause recurrent one-sided nosebleeds and nasal obstruction.
Condition
Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma)
Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare cancer arising high in the nasal cavity near the smell fibers and anterior skull base, treated with coordinated surgery, radiation, and surveillance.
Condition
Sinonasal Melanoma
Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare cancer of the nasal and sinus lining that differs from skin melanoma and needs expert pathology, staging, and coordinated treatment.
Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery
Facial Paralysis and Reanimation
Evaluation and treatment of facial nerve weakness, from physical therapy to nerve and muscle transfer.
Condition
Facial Paralysis
Facial paralysis affects eye closure, smile, speech, eating, and symmetry. Care is individualized and focused on protecting the eye, identifying the cause, and restoring function.
Condition
Bell's Palsy
Bell's palsy is sudden, usually one-sided facial weakness caused by inflammation of the facial nerve, often with incomplete eye closure and a drooping mouth that frequently improves over weeks to months.
Condition
Synkinesis
Synkinesis is unwanted, involuntary facial movement, such as the eye narrowing when smiling, that can develop months after facial nerve injury as nerves heal along mismatched pathways.
Condition
Bilateral Facial Paralysis
Bilateral facial paralysis is weakness of both sides of the face at once, an uncommon pattern that often signals an underlying systemic, neurologic, or infectious condition requiring careful evaluation.
Condition
Congenital Facial Paralysis
Congenital facial paralysis is facial weakness present from birth, caused by underdevelopment or injury of the facial nerve or muscles, which can affect eye closure, feeding, and the ability to smile.
Condition
Facial Paralysis After Stroke
Facial weakness after a stroke affects movement on one side of the face and can change the smile, speech, and eating; rehabilitation and selected procedures may help restore function and symmetry.
Condition
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Ramsay Hunt syndrome is facial paralysis caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster (shingles) virus near the facial nerve, often with a painful ear rash and hearing or balance symptoms.
Condition
Facial Schwannoma
A facial schwannoma is a rare, usually benign tumor that grows from the sheath of the facial nerve and can cause gradual facial weakness, twitching, or hearing changes depending on its location.
Condition
Vestibular Schwannoma-Related Facial Weakness
This refers to facial weakness associated with a vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) or its treatment, since the tumor lies near the facial nerve as it passes through the skull base.
Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery
Nose and Breathing
Functional and aesthetic nasal surgery and the structural causes of nasal obstruction.
Condition
Deviated Septum
A deviated septum is one of several structural or inflammatory causes of nasal obstruction, each identified so treatment targets the real source.
Condition
Broken Nose
A nasal fracture can affect appearance, breathing or both; early assessment checks for displacement, septal injury and a septal hematoma.
Condition
Nasal Valve Collapse
The nasal valve is the narrowest part of the nasal airway, where weakness, scarring or narrowing can cause obstruction that often worsens with breathing.
Condition
Turbinate Hypertrophy
Enlarged inferior turbinates can contribute to chronic nasal blockage; treatment aims to reduce excess bulk while preserving normal function.
Condition
Nasal Septal Perforation
A septal perforation is an opening through the wall between the nasal passages; not every perforation causes symptoms or requires surgery.
Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery
Eyelid and Periocular Surgery
Procedures that protect, position, and restore the function and appearance of the eyelids.
Condition
Ptosis
Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid that can affect appearance and, when the eyelid covers part of the pupil, the upper field of vision.
Condition
Ectropion
Ectropion is an outward turning of the lower eyelid that pulls it away from the eye, causing tearing, irritation, dryness, and exposure of the eye surface.
Condition
Entropion
Entropion is an inward turning of the eyelid that causes the lashes and lid skin to rub against the eye, leading to irritation, tearing, and, if untreated, possible damage to the cornea.
Condition
Lower Eyelid Retraction
Lower eyelid retraction is a downward pull of the lower eyelid that exposes more of the white of the eye, leaving the eye surface dry and irritated and sometimes affecting comfort and appearance.
Condition
Puffy Eyelids
Puffy eyelids describe fullness or swelling of the upper or lower lids, often from excess skin, prolapsing fat, fluid, or allergy rather than a single cause.
Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery
Facial Rejuvenation and Contouring
Surgery that addresses facial laxity, aging, and lower-face contour.
Condition
Facial Laxity
Facial laxity is the gradual loosening and descent of facial skin and soft tissue with age, which can soften the jawline, deepen folds, and contribute to a tired or heavy appearance.
Condition
Chin Dimpling
Chin dimpling is the pebbled or orange-peel texture and puckering of the chin that appears when the mentalis muscle is overactive or the chin skin and soft tissue change over time.
Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery
Skin Cancer Reconstruction and Trauma
Reconstruction after Mohs and skin cancer removal, facial fractures, and scarring.
Condition
Facial Tumors
Facial tumors are growths of the skin and soft tissues of the face that may be benign or cancerous; evaluation aims to determine the diagnosis and to plan treatment that preserves function and appearance.
Condition
Facial Trauma
Facial trauma includes injuries to the soft tissue and bones of the face from falls, sports, assaults, or accidents, ranging from cuts and nasal fractures to complex injuries that affect breathing, vision, or the bite.
Sleep
Sleep Apnea and Snoring
Obstructive sleep apnea, snoring, and sleep-disordered breathing in adults and children.
Condition
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which the upper airway repeatedly narrows or collapses during sleep. An ENT-focused evaluation looks at nasal breathing, throat anatomy, and CPAP tolerance to help guide treatment.
Condition
Snoring
Snoring is the sound of vibrating tissues in the upper airway during sleep and can range from a harmless nuisance to a sign of obstructive sleep apnea.
Condition
Sleep Disordered Breathing
Sleep-disordered breathing is a spectrum of abnormal breathing during sleep, ranging from snoring to obstructive sleep apnea, that can disrupt rest and affect daytime function and long-term health.
Condition
Pediatric Sleep Apnea
Pediatric sleep apnea is repeated narrowing or blockage of a child's upper airway during sleep, most often related to enlarged tonsils and adenoids, that can disrupt sleep, behavior, and growth.
Sleep
CPAP and Oral Appliance Therapy
Established treatments for sleep apnea and the nasal factors that affect tolerance.
Sleep
Related Sleep Disorders
Sleep conditions that are evaluated and referred to sleep medicine when appropriate.
Condition
Insomnia
Insomnia is persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restful sleep despite adequate opportunity, often leading to daytime fatigue, low mood, and trouble concentrating.
Condition
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and, in some people, sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotion.
Condition
Restless Leg Syndrome
Restless legs syndrome is a neurologic condition that causes an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, usually in the evening or at rest, which can interfere with falling asleep.
Condition
Circadian Rhythm Disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders occur when the body's internal clock is out of sync with the desired sleep schedule, causing trouble falling asleep or staying awake at the right times.
Condition
Sleep Paralysis
Sleep paralysis is a brief, temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, sometimes with vivid dream-like sensations, that is usually harmless but can be frightening.
Allergy
Allergy
Evaluation and management of environmental and seasonal allergies as part of integrated ENT care.
Condition
Allergic Rhinitis
An allergic response that causes sneezing, congestion, postnasal drip, and itchy, watery eyes, often overlapping with sinus symptoms.
Condition
Environmental & Seasonal Allergies
Allergic reactions to environmental triggers such as pollen, dust, and other allergens.