Circadian Rhythm Disorder
Modern life has introduced many changes to our daily habits, affecting our lives in various ways. While much of this progress benefits us, it can also have some negative side effects, such as circadian rhythm disorders.
At Norelle Health, we are committed to helping patients address any sleep-related issues. With our expertise and experience, we aim to provide patients with the knowledge and tools needed to achieve better sleep. Continue reading to learn more about circadian rhythm disorders and how to manage them.
What is a Circadian Rhythm?
Our circadian rhythm, often called our internal clock, operates on a 24-hour cycle, regulating bodily functions throughout the day. The most noticeable effect is the daily cycle of wakefulness and sleepiness.
In addition to influencing sleep and wake cycles, the circadian rhythm also regulates:
- Hormone production
- Cell repair and regrowth
- Brain wave patterns
When your circadian rhythm is functioning properly, you likely won’t notice it because everything runs smoothly. However, when it’s disrupted, you may experience symptoms that interfere with your daily life.
Symptoms of Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Some symptoms of circadian rhythm disorders might be subtle, manifesting as slight changes in hormone levels or cell activity. However, the most noticeable symptoms usually relate to sleep.
You may experience:
- Trouble falling asleep and staying asleep
- Not feeling refreshed upon waking, even after a full night’s rest
- Waking up earlier than desired and being unable to return to sleep
While these symptoms alone may not pose immediate health threats, sleep deprivation can increase the risk of:
- Heart disease
- Depression
- Chronic fatigue
- Obesity
What Are the Causes?
Common causes of circadian rhythm disorders are often linked to modern lifestyle factors. Two major contributors are changing time zones and working irregular hours. Below are some of the most common causes of circadian rhythm disorders:
- Working late or irregular shifts
- Significant time zone changes
- Irregular routines and sleep schedules
- Certain medications
- Pregnancy or menopause
- Medical conditions (especially progressive disorders like Alzheimer’s)
What Are Common Types of Circadian Rhythm Disorders?
Circadian rhythm disorders occur when there is a misalignment between a person’s internal clock and the external environment. This misalignment can lead to sleep disturbances and other health issues. Here are some common types of circadian rhythm disorders:
1. Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD)
- Description: Individuals with DSWPD have a natural inclination to go to bed and wake up later than what is considered normal. This is often seen in adolescents and young adults.
- Symptoms: Difficulty falling asleep at a conventional time and trouble waking up in the morning for school or work.
2. Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (ASWPD)
- Description: This disorder is characterized by an earlier sleep and wake time than the societal norm. It is more common in older adults.
- Symptoms: Falling asleep early in the evening and waking up in the early morning hours.
3. Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder
- Description: Individuals with this disorder have a lack of a clear sleep-wake cycle. Sleep is fragmented into multiple naps throughout a 24-hour period.
- Symptoms: Insomnia during the night and excessive daytime sleepiness.
4. Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder
- Description: This disorder occurs when a person’s internal clock is not synchronized to the 24-hour day. It is commonly found in individuals who are totally blind.
- Symptoms: The sleep-wake cycle gradually shifts, leading to a constantly changing schedule of sleep and wake times.
5. Shift Work Sleep Disorder
- Description: This disorder affects people who work non-traditional hours, such as night shifts or rotating shifts, leading to misalignment between their work schedule and natural circadian rhythms.
- Symptoms: Insomnia, excessive sleepiness during work hours, and difficulty sleeping during off hours.
6. Jet Lag Disorder
- Description: Jet lag occurs when traveling across multiple time zones, disrupting the body’s internal clock.
- Symptoms: Insomnia, daytime fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Managing Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Managing circadian rhythm disorders often involves behavioral strategies, lifestyle adjustments, and sometimes medical interventions. Approaches can include:
- Light Therapy: Using bright light exposure at strategic times to help reset the internal clock.
- Chronotherapy: Gradually adjusting bedtime and wake time to shift the sleep phase.
- Sleep Hygiene: Implementing practices that promote a consistent and restful sleep environment.
- Medication: In some cases, medications like melatonin or wake-promoting agents may be prescribed.
Consulting a healthcare provider or sleep specialist can help diagnose and develop a personalized treatment plan for managing circadian rhythm disorders.